I've never read any data that shows 3G providing better reception at long ranges. (But maybe I just haven't read the right stuff yet.) However, voice quality is better if you can draw a 3G signal.
3G uses higher frequencies than plain old GSM. Higher freqs do not propagate as far as lower ones given the same environment/atmospheric variables and the same power output of the transmitter. 3G also uses wideband CDMA, which is why it's better/faster with data, but W-CDMA may be more susceptible to multipath (radio waves bouncing around off of buildings, for example, before arriving at the handset or tower) -- even though it's supposed to actually take advantage of multipath. I suspect it doesn't mitigate it well enough at longer distances.
You could look into a femto cell or a cellular repeater.