You need line-level input, which is much higher than microphone-levels.
Line level are things like tape-decks, CD or MD players, and mixer outputs, as well as hifi-stereo recording outputs.
Unpowered microphones produce electrical signals solely by virtue of a small membrane moving a coil around a magnet when vibrated by noise. As you can imagine, those signals are very, very small and thus need some kind of pre-amplification.
You can, however, get battery-powered mics (with built-in pre-amp) that will work directly.
-s*