I think the last G4 MDD FW800 Powermacs (not the FW400 ones they are selling now) can support up to 3-4GB if you use 1GB dimms, but these DIMMs are so new, it's too early to tell.
Apparently the 1GHz iMac can support 2GB as can the 12" powerbook (latest model only) and maybe even the 17" (again, only the 1GHz model).
As for Panther's limitation, it's anyone's guess, but I would not be surprised if there is a 2GB limit per app, but at the same time not surprised if the limit is 4GB.
Why do you ask? Do you have a couple grand to burn for RAM?