This happened to me with my G3 iBook a while back. After walking across the carpet with my iBook, I felt a wallop of a static charge, and then my iBook shut down suddenly. I found I couldn't turn it back on, but then after plugging it in I found that the battery just disappeared. It was seated correctly, but the machine refused to acknowlege its' existence. The battery indicator lights were stuck permanently on, showing the battery still had charge.
I did all the usual things to try and fix it (reset PRAM, PMU, chicken sacrifice). Since this was while the intelliTXT debacle was going on, I posted both here and at That Other Place, but nobody could help me. (You can probably find the thread if you look hard enough.) After about a week of this, I assumed that the static charge fried the battery's on-board electrinocs, and I bought another battery.
About two days later, I noticed that the battery indicator lights turned off. I thought the battery had finally run out of charge, but I pressed the button and the lights came back again, just like normal! Sure enough, I put the battery back in the iBook, and it was like the problems never happened.
I never did find out why the battery died. At least I was able to recover some of the expense of the second battery when I sold the iBook....