The USB power spec says 0.5A at 5V max (2.5W); most 2.5" hard drives have a peak power demand of 2.4-2.6W, so it's close and depends a lot on the chipsets. If the PowerMac is only supplying 2.3W, or the hub is supplying 2.7W, then one will work and the other won't.
Fortunately most enclosures come with the extra USB lead (maybe even with passthrough so you don't lose the ability to use that port for another device), and USB ports are a dime a dozen on modern computers.