There's no published plugin API for iPhoto -- all third-party plugins out there are based on reverse-engineering iPhoto's object model.
But you're not entirely out of luck. One of the great things about Cocoa/Objective-C is that it's easy to do that sort of thing with: enough symbols are left in an executable binary that you can reconstruct complete class headers, and from those it's often easy to figure out how things fit together. (Use
class-dump to get yourself said header.)
Of course, ObjC reverse engineering is not for the faint of heart -- you'll want a bit of Cocoa programming experience first. And since the iPhoto plugin API isn't public, it's not guaranteed to stay the same... your plugins could easily break when version 2.0.1 (or 2.1, or 3.0, whatever) comes along.