Yep -- you define URL types in you Info.plist the same way you define document types. Project Builder / Xcode even has a spiffy little editor for them.
Of course, that's just what you need to do to get the system to hand off URLs to your app. To actually do something when handed a URL, you need respond to the standard "GetURL" AppleEvent (suite 'GURL', event 'GURL'). This is pretty easy to do with Cocoa's scriptability support.