One advantage of CoreFoundation over the STL is that CoreFoundation has a built in memory management paradigm: the retain/release reference counting. As far as I know, the STL has none.
Another advantage is that there's a lot more to CoreFoundation than there is to the STL. For example, CF has objects for sockets, preferences, run loops, and a lot more that's not part of STL. Those objects require and return CF collections and CF strings rather than the STL equivalents, so if you're planning on using those CF objects as well as the STL, you'll be converting between collections quite a bit.
-Peter