Phew, troublesome
Although mail.app has its shortcomings it generally pretty reliable, however having spent the afternoon battling against it for a client it seems it's hiding some nasty practises.
Anyway, clients mail worked fine on his iMac but if he opened up his MacBook, or attempted to check mail on his iPad or iPhone then all his devices would suddenly no longer connect to the mail server.
After plenty of digging it turns out that mail.app opens up multiple connections to a mail server, in this case enough that the server would refuse anymore connections. The only fix being to quit mail on one Mac and not check on iOS devices until the server had cleared it's connections.
Having not seen this issue before it seems like a combination of bad practice on mail.apps part combined with the iso limiting simultaneous connects to a number low enough to cause mail issues.
My client didn't want to change mail application or provider, luckily we could upgrade his account to a full exchange server which solved the issues.
Any comments on this from more mail knowledgable members?