what kind of document is it? Photo? Vector/Type? If its a photo you can't just willy nilly increase the dpi. You'll lose image quality fast. You can taketh away, but you can't giveth. Same goes for size. Vectors you can increase in size until the cows come home, since they are just math equations. So, if its photographic I'd recommend getting it rescanned at the higher size/resolution and having your document set up to the size it should print at, if its just type, then just scale it up in illustrator. Also, what you are getting it printed on factors in too.