If you are comfortable with Terminal, you can install and try
TeskDisk. It does do partition table repair. I've kept a copy on hand, but never used it.
Since you're booting OK, I suggest keeping a current Time Machine backup, and not worrying about it.
If you really want to fix it, I would clone the drive to an external HD, and make sure it is bootable. Then repartition/reformat the internal drive. Do the Bootcamp install. Then clone your working volume back. This will take time, a free external HD (NOT your time machine backup drive), and some fiddling.