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How America armed Iraq
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angaq0k
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Jun 13, 2004, 03:55 PM
 
How America armed Iraq

UNDER the successive presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George Bush, the USA sold nuclear, chemical and biological weapons technology to Saddam Hussein.

In the early 1990s, UN inspectors told the US Senate committee on banking, housing and urban affairs � which oversees American export policy � that they had �identified many US-manufactured items exported pursuant of licences issued by the US department of commerce that were used to further Iraq�s chemical and nuclear weapons development and missile delivery system development programmes�.

In 1992, the committee began investigating �US chemical and biological warfare-related dual-use exports to Iraq�. It found that 17 individual shipments totalling some 80 batches of biomaterial were sent to Iraq during the Reagan years.

These included two batches of anthrax and two batches of botulism being sent to the Iraqi ministry of higher education on May 2, 1986; one batch each of salmonella and E.Coli sent to the Iraqi state company for drug industries on August 31, 1987.

Other shipments from the US went to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission on July 11, 1988; the department of biology at the University of Basra in November 1989; the department of microbiology at Baghdad University in June 1985; the ministry of health in April 1985 and Officers� City military complex in Baghdad in March and April 1986.

As well as anthrax and botulism, the USA also sent West Nile fever, brucella melitensis, which damages major organs, and clostridium perfringens, which causes gas gangrene. The shipments even went on after Saddam ordered the gassing of the Kurdish town of Halabja, in which some 5000 people died, in March 1988.

The chairman of the Senate committee, Don Riegle, said: �The executive branch of our government approved 771 different export licences for sale of dual-use technology to Iraq. I think it�s a devastating record.�

Other items which were sent by the US to Iraq included chemical warfare agent precursors, chemical warfare agent production facility plans and technical drawings, chemical warfare filling equipment, biological warfare-related materials, missile fabrication equipment and missile system guidance equipment.
Hmmm... let me think...

Where could be those WMDs?
"******* politics is for the ******* moment. ******** equations are for ******** Eternity." ******** Albert Einstein
     
Sod Off Sadr
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Jun 13, 2004, 04:16 PM
 
If this is so huge, why is some po-dunk, backwater rag printing it and not the Times or Washington Post?
You heard me! Sod off, Sadr!
     
Will McGoonigle
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Jun 13, 2004, 04:57 PM
 
Originally posted by Sod Off Sadr:
If this is so huge, why is some po-dunk, backwater rag printing it and not the Times or Washington Post?
uhm....because everybody knows and it's old news?
There are many young rightwing members on these forums proud to support Bush no matter what. If Bush is re-elected I'd like to see the look on these member's faces when they are drafted. Now watch this drive.
     
angaq0k  (op)
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Jun 13, 2004, 05:01 PM
 
Foreign Suppliers to Iraq's Biological Weapons Program

Foreign Suppliers to Iraq's Biological Weapons Program


Obtain Microbial Seed Stock for Standard or Novel Agent


Agriculture and Water Resource Department:

On 3/21/86, the US Department of Commerce issued a license to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) to export aspergillus fungal cultures, used in the production of aflatoxin, to Iraq. ATCC officials said the cultures were not delivered.[1]



Atomic Energy Commission:

Between 1985-89, ATCC made 17 shipments of "attenuated strains of various toxins and bacteria" to Iraq�s Atomic Energy Commission.[2]



Basra University:

According to a 1991 US military intelligence memo, Japanese scientists had been assisting scientists from Basra University since 1984 in researching mycotoxins produced by soil fungi, including aflatoxin. The Japanese-Iraqi team used three species of aspergillus mold to produce aflatoxin.[3]

In 1985, the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) sent a shipment of West Nile Fever virus to an Iraqi researcher.[4]



College of Medicine (Baghdad):

On 11/30/84, the US Department of Commerce issued a license to ATCC to export aspergillus fungal cultures to Iraq for delivery to the College of Medicine in Baghdad. ATCC officials said the cultures were not delivered.[5]


State Establishment for Pesticide Production (SEPP):

Iraq�s State Establishment for Pesticide Production (SEPP) ordered incubators and culture media from Germany�s Water Engineering Trading (W.E.T.).[6]


Salman Pak:

In 1985, the CDC sent three shipments of West Nile Fever virus to Iraq for use in medical research.[7]


University of Baghdad:

Between 1985-1989, the ATCC supplied Iraq with several pathogens, including Clostridium botulinum, and various strains of anthrax.[8]


Unspecified Locations:

Between 1985-89, US firms exported Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Clostridium botulinum, Histoplasma capsulatam, Brucella melitensis, Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene), Clostridium tetani (tentanus), Escherichia coli, and "dozens of other pathogenic biological agents," to Iraq.[9]

Between 1985-89, the US firm ATCC sent Iraq up to 70 shipments including 21 strains of anthrax, 15 Class III pathogens, E. coli, Salmonella cholerasuis, Clostridium botulinum, Brucella meliteusis, and Clostidium perfringens. [This may include shipments already listed to the Agriculture and Water Resource Department, Atomic Energy Commission, and College of Medicine].[10]

Between 1984-89, the CDC sent Iraq more than 80 agents, including botulinum toxoid, Yersinia pestis, dengue virus, and West Nile antigen and antibody. [This may include shipments already listed to Basra University, and Salman Pak.][11]

In 1988, Iraq unsuccessfully attempted to obtain biological agents from the UK military research center at Porton Down.[12]

In 2/87, Germany�s Sigma Chemie supplied seven ounces of trichothecene mycotoxin, including T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, to the German firm Plato Kuehn, which indicated that the material would be exported to Iraq.[13]

In 1987, Josef Kuhn of Germany delivered 100 milligrams of trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 to Iraq.[14]

According to US Senator John McCain, Iraq obtained tularemia virus from the United States. The US Department of State said it had found no evidence to support Senator McCain�s allegation.[15]

Iraq obtained "deadly pathogens" from the Pasteur Institute in Paris.[16]


Notes:


John Hanchette and Norm Brewer, "U.N., Intelligence Reports Show Iraq Could Have Spread Deadly Aflatoxin," Gannett News Service, December 7, 1996.


Eric Nadler, and Robert Windrem, "Deadly Contagion: How We Helped Iraq get Germ Weapons," The New Republic, February 4, 1991, p. 18.


John Hanchette and Norm Brewer, "U.N., Intelligence Reports Show Iraq Could Have Spread Deadly Aflatoxin," Gannett News Service, December 7, 1996.


Eric Nadler, and Robert Windrem, "Deadly Contagion: How We Helped Iraq get Germ Weapons," The New Republic, February 4, 1991, p. 18. Bill Lambrecht, "'Satan�s Bug': U.S. Readies for Possible Iraqi Use of Bacteria," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 10, 1990, p. 1A. Chuck Raasch and Robert Barton, "U.S. Firms Sold Iraq Potential Warfare Material, Hill Officials," Gannett News Service, August 23, 1998. Michael White, "207 Western Companies Sold Chemicals, technology to Iraq, Report Says," AP, October 3, 1990.


John Hanchette and Norm Brewer, "U.N., Intelligence Reports Show Iraq Could Have Spread Deadly Aflatoxin," Gannett News Service, December 7, 1996.


"We Have Surprises," Der Spiegel, October 8, 1990, p. 148-152; in FBIS-WEU-90-196, (10 October 1990).


Valerie Kuklenski, "Western Firms Supplied Iraq with Chemical Weapons," UPI, October 2, 1990.


Although the pathogens were sent to the University of Baghdad, the order was paid for by the Iraqi military. The anthrax strains originated in the UK and US military biological weapons programs. R. Jeffery Smith, "Iraq�s Drive for a Biological Arsenal; U.N. Pursuing 25 Germ Warheads It Believes Are Still Loaded with Deadly Toxin," Washington Post, November 21, 1997, p. A1. Al J. Venter, "UNSCOM Odyssey: The Search for Saddam�s Biological Arsenal," Jane's Intelligence Review, March 1998, p. 19.


William Blum, "Anthrax for Export: U.S. Companies Sold Iraq the Ingredients for a Witch�s Brew," The Progressive, 4 (April 1998), p. 18.


Michael White, "UK Anthrax Strains �Sold to Iraq�," The Guardian, April 3, 1998, p. 10; Martin Hickman, "Britain Exported Anthrax to Iraq Says Lib Dem," Press Association, April 2, 1998; Keith Bradsher, "Senator Says U.S. Let Iraq Get Lethal Viruses," The New York Times, February 10, 1994, p. A9; Kevin Merida and John Mintz, "Rockville Firm Shipped Germ Agents to Iraq, Riegle Says," The Washington Post, February 10, 1994, p. A8; William Blum, "Anthrax for Export: U.S. Companies Sold Iraq the Ingredients for a Witch�s Brew," The Progressive, April 1998, p. 18; Jim Abrams, "U.S. Firms Sold Possible Biological warfare Agents to Iraq," Associated Press, February 10, 1994; "Conflict Alleged for Head of Study on Gulf War Illness," The Baltimore Sun, November 29, 1996, P. 20A.


Leonard A. Cole, The Eleventh Plague: The Politics of Biological and Chemical Warfare, (New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1997), p. 85-86.


R. Jeffery Smith, "Iraq�s Drive for a Biological Arsenal; U.N. Pursuing 25 Germ Warheads It Believes Are Still Loaded with Deadly Toxin," Washington Post, November 21, 1997, p. A1.


"W. German Firm Says Toxic Chemicals Went to Iraq," Reuters, January 30, 1989. "Magazine: German Firms Supplied Toxic Chemicals to Iraq," UPI, January 29, 1989.


"Worse Than Plague," Der Spiegel; in "Der Spiegel on German Arms Sales to Iraq � �Worse Than the Plague�," Telegram from the US Embassy in Bonn to the Secretary of State, August 16, 1990 (Released December 16, 1996).


Reuters, "State Department Probes Charge of U.S. Bio Weapon Aid to Iraq," January 26, 1989. Reuter, "State Department Disputes Senator on Biological Weapon for Iraq," January 26, 1989.


R. Jeffery Smith, "Iraq�s Drive for a Biological Arsenal; U.N. Pursuing 25 Germ Warheads It Believes Are Still Loaded with Deadly Toxin," Washington Post, November 21, 1997, p. A1.

Prepared by Michael Barletta and Christina Ellington, November 1998
� Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies.
And here is a list, an original letter from the CDC.

Here is the Report
"******* politics is for the ******* moment. ******** equations are for ******** Eternity." ******** Albert Einstein
     
macvillage.net
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Jun 13, 2004, 05:10 PM
 
Originally posted by Will McGoonigle:
uhm....because everybody knows and it's old news?
Yupper.

It's in history books now. Not quite something for newspapers.
     
angaq0k  (op)
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Jun 13, 2004, 05:15 PM
 
Originally posted by macvillage.net:
Yupper.

It's in history books now. Not quite something for newspapers.
Now you got a good point. I was surprised to see this come up today!

I guess it is some form of backlash following the events of the last few days...
"******* politics is for the ******* moment. ******** equations are for ******** Eternity." ******** Albert Einstein
     
dcolton
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Jun 14, 2004, 12:05 AM
 
Originally posted by angaq0k:
Now you got a good point. I was surprised to see this come up today!

I guess it is some form of backlash following the events of the last few days...
HO HUM... Just another USA hating thread started by angocock. I think she/ he/ it has even started the exact same thread in the past. I wonder...what is the point? Oh, nevermind. Just to bash the US because of....envy?
     
   
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