[V12]

We'll it's about that time to finish up my summer work for school, in mid september i go into senior year of H.S. and i have to hand in some summer work, mostly everything was easy execpt for this A.P. Bio test we had to take.

Now if anyone is familiar with this, and can assist me through aim i would be happier than a kid on christmas.

thank you.

[Fred_Cokebottle]

I think many here use paypal for the sake of convenience.

[von Wrangell]

Ask away and I'll see what I remember from school.

[Mrjinglesusa]

Here to help - post your questions...

[V12]

alright well it seems like the questions i don't get are the simplist intro. questions...usually always my problem.

here goes:

which of the following does not comprise a logical hierarchy of organization:
a- molecules, atomss, organelles, tissues, systems
b- molecules, cells, tissues, organ systems, populations
c- cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
d- organisms, populations, communities, biomes, biosphere
e- family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

- i believe it's e, however im not sure

here's another questions currently challengeing me:

evolution is "the biological theme that ties together all the others". This is becasue the process of evolution:
a- all of the below are appropiate
b- explains how organisms become adapted to their environment
c- explains the diversity of organisms
d- explains why all organisms have characteristics in common
e- explains wy distantly related organisms sometimes resember one another

- i believe this one may be a, however my text doesn't cover evolution so i cna't assure my asnwer.

thanks, im sure ill have more coming

[von Wrangell]

Originally Posted by V12

alright well it seems like the questions i don't get are the simplist intro. questions...usually always my problem.

here goes:

which of the following does not comprise a logical hierarchy of organization:
a- molecules, atomss, organelles, tissues, systems
b- molecules, cells, tissues, organ systems, populations
c- cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
d- organisms, populations, communities, biomes, biosphere
e- family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

- i believe it's e, however im not sure

a - atoms form molecules.

here's another questions currently challengeing me:

evolution is "the biological theme that ties together all the others". This is becasue the process of evolution:
a- all of the below are appropiate
b- explains how organisms become adapted to their environment
c- explains the diversity of organisms
d- explains why all organisms have characteristics in common
e- explains wy distantly related organisms sometimes resember one another

- i believe this one may be a, however my text doesn't cover evolution so i cna't assure my asnwer.

thanks, im sure ill have more coming

Could possibly be turning this political now, but I have to ask. Why don't your text cover evolution?

and it's most likely a.

[zerostar]

Originally Posted by V12

here goes:

which of the following does not comprise a logical hierarchy of organization:
a- molecules, atomss, organelles, tissues, systems
b- molecules, cells, tissues, organ systems, populations
c- cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
d- organisms, populations, communities, biomes, biosphere
e- family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

- i believe it's e, however im not sure

correction it is A without atoms you have no molecules, e is just "backwards" yet is still a logical order.

Originally Posted by V12

here's another questions currently challengeing me:

evolution is "the biological theme that ties together all the others". This is becasue the process of evolution:
a- all of the below are appropiate
b- explains how organisms become adapted to their environment
c- explains the diversity of organisms
d- explains why all organisms have characteristics in common
e- explains wy distantly related organisms sometimes resember one another

- i believe this one may be a, however my text doesn't cover evolution so i cna't assure my asnwer.

A is correct here as well, evolution encompasses all of these ideas.

[RAILhead]

F and 327.

HTH,
Maury

[V12]

ok 2 more, for some reason this topic confuses me most

which of hte following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all of the other levels in the list?
a- organ system
b organism
c- population
d- ecosystem
e- community

which of hte following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all of the other levels in the list?
a- organelles
b- biological molecules
c- cells
d- atoms
e- tissues

thanks again in advance

[zerostar]

Originally Posted by V12

ok 2 more, for some reason this topic confuses me most

Would you like some links to study biological organization systems, or just the answers?

Wikipedia is a good start and links to pretty much everything you need.

[V12]

well both would be good actually, i'll check wikipedia right now.

[von Wrangell]

Originally Posted by V12

ok 2 more, for some reason this topic confuses me most

which of hte following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all of the other levels in the list?
a- organ system
b organism
c- population
d- ecosystem
e- community

which of hte following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all of the other levels in the list?
a- organelles
b- biological molecules
c- cells
d- atoms
e- tissues

thanks again in advance

a and d

[zerostar]

Originally Posted by von Wrangell

a and d

[V12]

thanks

von Wrangell, do you have a aim handle i could ask you for a few qestions on, a lot of questions i have limited to 2 anwsers and can't decide which and why

[residentEvil]

why don't you post the entire AP Bio test; let everyone answer the questions and then you pick the answers that got the most responses.

you aren't learning anything as you are just having someone else take the test for you.

[Weyland-Yutani]

Originally Posted by von Wrangell

a and d

I'd go for d and e. Myself.

cheers

W-Y

[Aiglos]

i concur with d and e, von Wrangell, i think you have it backwards...

[SVass]

Originally Posted by V12

alright well it seems like the questions i don't get are the simplist intro. questions...usually always my problem.

here's another questions currently challengeing me:

evolution is "the biological theme that ties together all the others". This is becasue the process of evolution:
a- all of the below are appropiate
b- explains how organisms become adapted to their environment
c- explains the diversity of organisms
d- explains why all organisms have characteristics in common
e- explains why distantly related organisms sometimes resember one another

- i believe this one may be a, however my text doesn't cover evolution so i cna't assure my asnwer.

This question is phrased incorrectly as is typical for multiple choice tests if the answer is a. Both d and e are wrong as evolution provides an answer to "HOW" and not "WHY". Therefore, only b is correct. sam (Let the politics begin!)

[Weyland-Yutani]

Originally Posted by SVass

This question is phrased incorrectly as is typical for multiple choice tests if the answer is a. Both d and e are wrong as evolution provides an answer to "HOW" and not "WHY". Therefore, only b is correct. sam (Let the politics begin!)

Ah yes. You are absoloutly correct, but even at univesity level we get exams that are so poorly or incorrectly phrased that this one looks like a masterpiece in comparison!

I guess one has just learned to read the professor's intention.

Evolution doesn't explain WHY anything. There is no WHY in the mechanism of evolution. Only sentinent beings can be explained with a WHY. Not natural mechanisms.

cheers

W-Y

[von Wrangell]

Originally Posted by zerostar

ooooooops!

No wonder it took so long for me to finish school



:tries to understand the questions in the future:




:goes celebrating the Super Cup win:

[von Wrangell]

Originally Posted by Weyland-Yutani

I'd go for d and e. Myself.

cheers

W-Y

That would be a good idea!


:feels amazingly stupid at the moment:

[von Wrangell]

Originally Posted by Aiglos

i concur with d and e, von Wrangell, i think you have it backwards...

Indeed I did.



:hangs head in shame:

[von Wrangell]

Originally Posted by V12

thanks

von Wrangell, do you have a aim handle i could ask you for a few qestions on, a lot of questions i have limited to 2 anwsers and can't decide which and why

Just pm me and I'll let you know the handle.

And I'll promise to try to understand the questions the next time

[tgags]

>>> d- explains why all organisms have characteristics in common
>>> e- explains wy distantly related organisms sometimes resemble one another

This prompted me to recall "six degrees of separation"...
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definit...932596,00.html

Then I came across Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
http://www-distance.syr.edu/bacon.html

Hmmm, "Bacon Number".. interesting.

Then I tried the game....
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/oracle/

Sorry for the tangent, but you know what they say about all work and no play...

TG

[budster101]

C <-- The most commonly correct answer.

PS: Don't believe me, I'm just pulling your biological.

[budster101]

tgags

Your signature is toooooo big. 200 x 50 only.


Here, you can grab and use this one if you want:

[SVass]

For those interested in tests(and the "professor" who wrote this one), why is the next number in the sequence 1, 2, 3, ... four instead of five? Also, what is the cube root of one (and what number system are you using)?

[rickey939]

You need Natalie to tutor you...

[MrForgetable]

Originally Posted by rickey939

You need Natalie to tutor you...

hahaha what a funny show. stupid, but funny.

[alphasubzero949]

Originally Posted by residentEvil

you aren't learning anything as you are just having someone else take the test for you.

Agreed.

[freudling]

I taught for a few years. There were classes that I struggled in as a student, like most of us. I have determined that, if you really want to learn something, you should be able to teach it to someone else. That guy who made your test knows it well enough to teach it, and his expectations are high. Adapt whatever system you need to, no matter how sick and twisted the thought associations, learn it so you can teach it, and teach it well - clear and terse. "Whatever can be said can be said clearly" (Wittgenstein).

If you need help on learning techniques, here is one. Visualize the entire working cell. Once you have the complete concept of its machinery plugging away, work up to the tissues, then tissue systems, organism.... You should get a general idea then of the entire essence of life at one glance. That is a concept. Concepts of course are general. But here, you have built it from the ground up. Some concepts are, of course, more complex than others: some most of us will never understand. Think of it as this. People come out of their field of study with one big ass concept: Biology, Chem, Political Science,... Course, those were built from the mini concepts of each completed course. This course you are taking is one mini concept that will contribute to your big concept. If you expect to do well on the test, you should have that general concept entering the exam. This way, those questions simply could never confuse you.

So go back to basics if you need to.

PS: I find that Powerpoint presentations and the like are terrible in this field of study. They distract the natural thought mapping of the student and therefore interrupt the learning. Grab that text book and dig in only to the most basic stuff: skip here and there. If time is a constraint, you will have to settle for that. A tip for efficiency: read the table of contents first, then, when you get to a chapter, look at all the tables and pictures, and read their captions. Finally, read the conclusion. Then, go back and read the chapter. You will feel like you know what they are saying while you are reading, like entering into a lecture having read the notes prior.

Best wishes.

[freudling]

An added bit:

Biology Mini Lecture:

Atoms make up elements, and elements make up molecules (i.e a water molecule H2O). The water molecule is then a compound chemical element (2 or more different elements). Molecules, in turn, make up cells.

The cell is the smallest form of life according to current thought.

Its organelles are the backbone of its daily functions, and, interestingly, organic cells do seem to follow a circadian like rythym. The DNA controls the cell via RNA synthesis. The Golgi apparatus manufactures proteins. The exoskeleton is like train tracks, where the theory is that this provides strength for the cell and is also a road which chemical messengers coming into the cell can travel. And, when things can't get into the cell through the plasmamembrane, they may be "escorted" in by one of the cells own chemical messengers, by the help of the "flipping" mechanism of getting the substance inside the cell. I have some questions for you:

1. What makes up a cell?
2. What do cells make up?
3. What do tissues make up? Give me 2 examples.
4. What is a lysosome?
5. What is the OUTER part of the plasmamembrane made of and why?
6. How do cells communicate?
7. What is speciation?
8. Give me 2 examples of environmental selection from the 19th and/or 20th century.

[macaddict0001]

Originally Posted by V12

alright well it seems like the questions i don't get are the simplist intro. questions...usually always my problem.

here goes:

which of the following does not comprise a logical hierarchy of organization:
a- molecules, atomss, organelles, tissues, systems
b- molecules, cells, tissues, organ systems, populations
c- cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
d- organisms, populations, communities, biomes, biosphere
e- family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

- i believe it's e, however im not sure

here's another questions currently challengeing me:

evolution is "the biological theme that ties together all the others". This is becasue the process of evolution:
a- all of the below are appropiate
b- explains how organisms become adapted to their environment
c- explains the diversity of organisms
d- explains why all organisms have characteristics in common
e- explains wy distantly related organisms sometimes resember one another

- i believe this one may be a, however my text doesn't cover evolution so i cna't assure my asnwer.

thanks, im sure ill have more coming

I'm pretty sure one is a, and two I have no idea but if i had to guess i would say b or a.

Originally Posted by V12

ok 2 more, for some reason this topic confuses me most

which of hte following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all of the other levels in the list?
a- organ system
b organism
c- population
d- ecosystem
e- community

which of hte following levels in the hierarchy of biological organization includes all of the other levels in the list?
a- organelles
b- biological molecules
c- cells
d- atoms
e- tissues

thanks again in advance

I think one is d, but don't quote me on it. for 2 I'm leaning towards a, but again not sure.

oh and don't mind my sig, I don't actually smoke the **** I just thought it was funny.

[freudling]

These have been answered already.

[macaddict0001]

Originally Posted by freudling

These have been answered already.

Yeah but any one or more answers could be wrong so another opinion can't hurt.

[tgags]

[QUOTE=budster101]tgags

Your signature is toooooo big. 200 x 50 only.


Here, you can grab and use this one if you want:




fixed
thanks budster

[Scientist]

Originally Posted by V12

i believe this one may be a, however my text doesn't cover evolution so i cna't assure my asnwer.

A biology text that doesn't cover evolution is like a geometry text without numbers.

[V12]

Yes i was wrong, the text covers it however the answer was found in a different chapter that was not meantioned.

thanks for all that helped me, i only have about 57 questions left; out of 300, i should be done by the end of the week if i pace myself right.

thanks for everything again

[Chuckit]

Originally Posted by macaddict0001

Yeah but any one or more answers could be wrong so another opinion can't hurt.

Er...no offense, but you don't seem to know as much about biology as most of the people answering in this thread — you were right on three out of four (getting tripped up on the definition of "organelle"), but you seemed uncertain even if you had got them all right — so I think we are better off with answers from people who are relatively sure.

[freudling]

Again, I agree with the answers given as I think we have speculated on what the professor is teaching. But, for the purposes of debate, I disagree with the HOW and WHY. The how is beautifully explained by Darwin (Natural selection, speciation, importance of constituents in environment, chance mutations, etc.). But, since a theory is general, which is how it can explain things x, y, and z, Darwin's evolutionary theory does explain WHY this happens. This plays into Socrates' teleology (the upmost end of an action: the final purpose). The reason, under Darwin's theory, can be derived from perhaps the most overarching axiom within his theory: Survival of the Fittest. So the "WHY do organisms evolve" is because it ensures their survival. It also explains the diversity: different colors to ensure survival (grainy butterflys to match the color of the tree bark, different shapes of organisms that help them in their niches - penguins, etc.).

If one wants to keep asking why (i.e. then why do organisms want to survive) we may be at risk of an infinite regress. At least Darwin's theory does address the question, even if only partially.

[freudling]

bump.

[Phat Bastard]

Just a comment about freudling's comments, and this might enlighten our discussion about evolution:

The most common misconception about the Theory of Natural Selection is that there is some kind of "why", or purpose, in the Theory of Natural Selection. Know this: there is no conscious effort by organisms to evolve and there is no purpose behind evolution.

The MAIN POINT of the Theory is that the origin of species is a consequence of the exponential growth rate in the number of individuals in a population, followed by their competition for a limited set of resources, resulting in the death of individuals that are not well-suited for a particular environment. The individuals that are best suited are often those that have novel characteristics (as a result of the genetic diversity caused by the inherent errors in DNA replication--but Darwin knew none of this) and can exploit new environments or resources.

NOWHERE along the way was there a choice or an active decision (by the animals or by a creator being) for a species to EVOLVE. There is no REASON for evolution; evolution is a CONSEQUENCE of the survival of the fittest.

Please understand this before talking about "whys" and "reasons".

p.s. I'm a biochemist and this quote in fitting in everything I do: ""Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." - Theodosius Dobzhansky

[Chuckit]

Originally Posted by Phat Bastard

This is most common misconception about the Theory of Natural Selection: that there is some kind of "why", or purpose, in the Theory of Natural Selection. **There is no conscious effort by organisms to evolve**

[snip]

Please get this right before talking about "whys" and "reasons".

"Why" or "reason" does not necessarily imply "purpose". It primarily means "cause" (as in "Why did the tree catch on fire?" "Because it was struck by lightning"), with "purpose" being one example of a cause that's usually applied to sentient beings.

[macaddict0001]

Originally Posted by Chuckit

Er...no offense, but you don't seem to know as much about biology as most of the people answering in this thread — you were right on three out of four (getting tripped up on the definition of "organelle"), but you seemed uncertain even if you had got them all right — so I think we are better off with answers from people who are relatively sure.

Well, I didn't want my answers to be taken too seriously because I'm only going into grade 10 this september. So I'm not exactly qualified.

[Uncle Skeleton]

Originally Posted by Phat Bastard

there is no conscious effort by organisms to evolve and there is no purpose behind evolution.

There is often conscious effort by the participants in sexual selection, which contributes significantly to evolution.

[Chuckit]

Originally Posted by Uncle Skeleton

There is often conscious effort by the participants in sexual selection

I suppose that depends on what you mean by "conscious effort." I don't think members of most species consciously control what they find attractive. Even humans can barely be said to do so, and then only in rare cases.

[freudling]

Chuckit:

I agree with your comments re equivocating. That is the function of "why". There is one answer to the following Why question, it is correct:

Why do species evolve? Answer: Because it is a consequence of survival of the fittest.

Phat Bastard:

You raise good points, but be careful with equating "purpose" as a synonym for "why". How can we not all agree that evolution means more refined; more efficient; smarter... From Humans to cars, we can observe this. So yes, Biology has answered the "How": mechanisms of Evolution and the "Why" to get better - to evolve. Nobody is saying there is any purpose other than strictly evolution. But, although I have added the "better" and "more efficient", it seems that those terms are necessarily predicated upon the concept of evolution. Since evolution is the antithesis of slower; worse; backwards...

Also, I completely disagree about people not making a conscious effort to evolve. Look at the empire we have built. We manipulate our own DNA...

I have a theory which is an extension: the purpose. Well, not really a huge theory. The reason, I think, we are evolving, from a single tiny subatomicsubsub whatever to the plethora of things we see today, is to morph into something like our creator. Something as vast and complex. So the purpose of everything is that this is an experiment whereby we become our maker.

[Chuckit]

Originally Posted by freudling

How can we not all agree that evolution means more refined; more efficient; smarter... From Humans to cars, we can observe this.

Not exactly. Many successful organisms (e.g. bacteria, plants) have no brains at all, no reasoning capabilities, and thus cannot really be said to have evolved greater intelligence than their predecessors had. So the statement that things become "smarter" would seem to be demonstrably false, unless you're using "smarter" in a way I don't usually think of it.

Likewise, while you could say things become more refined, this is with the catch that "refined" is a variable calculated from many environmental factors, not a set goal, and may completely change over time. For instance, in the event of a holocaust, the most radiation-resistant creatures would be the most refined. So the phrasing is a little bit confusing, even if that's what you meant.

[Uncle Skeleton]

Originally Posted by Chuckit

I suppose that depends on what you mean by "conscious effort." I don't think members of most species consciously control what they find attractive. Even humans can barely be said to do so, and then only in rare cases.

If you want to adopt a narrow view of the definition of consciousness limiting it to Homo sapiens that's your own problem, but even so it doesn't rule out a conscious influence on evolution. Arranged marriages, or other forms of mating for status or money, are certainly conscious decisions, and I'd hazard a guess that such business has been around longer even than The World's Oldest Profession™, even in the animal kingdom (your choice of denying any animals consciousness notwithstanding). Also I defy you to say with a straight face that the evolution of dogs from wolves was not a conscious effort.

Regardless, my point is that to enter a discussion of evolution (the more so if it's only peripherally about evolution), and decree that no terminology implying consciousness may ever be used to refer to evolution, that's just plain incorrect. Everything around you contributes to natural selection, and consciousness is one of many things that are around us.

[freudling]

Chuckit:

Good points. But you have failed to take into account that we can hardly be compared to a bacteria: we are comprised of billions of cells. Although the cell may not have evolved much, or the bacteria, they each coexist in the vast mass of matter that are organisms. Some of them exist on their own, however. You aer making the mistake of talking about the parts of the whole not evolving in some sophisticated way as humans have. From the simplistic beginnings of the Universe to Human Beings. Rocks haven't evolved much either. Those counterexamples do not take anything away from the fact that things actually have evolved, and drastically.

"Smarter" Humans compared to fish, apes... It is not false to say smarter and can be explained away via evolution, if you accept the chance mutation theory.

But the thrust of my earlier points revolved around something we both agreed on: we should NOT equate purpose with the "why". I made a conjecture about purpose, but that should not be calculated into the theory of evolution. However, for arguments sake, here is how a possible question answer could go:

Q: How do things evolve?
A: Through the mechanisms of Darwinian Evolution (Environmental stress, chance mutations, etc.)
Q: Why do organisms evolve?
A: It is a consequence of survival of the fittest.
Q: Why do organisms want to survive? Compete against their competitors?
A: Because they want to survive.
Q: Why do they want to survive?
A: It is programmed in their DNA.
Q: Why is it programmed in their DNA?
A: ?????